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The transforming parasites Theileria annulata and T. parva belong to the Apicomplexan phylum that also contains Toxoplasma and Plasmodium spp. T. annulata and T. parva invade bovine leukocytes and are the causative agents on the leukaemia-like illnesses Tropical Theileriosis and East Price Fever (ECF), respectively. In contrast to Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, Theileria swiftly destroys the surrounding host cell membrane following invasion and associates with host cell microtubules, therefore establishing its niche in the leukocyte cytoplasm [1].103128-76-3 manufacturer After totally free within the cytoplasm the Theileria sporozoite differentiates into a multinucleated schizont which, uniquely for a eukaryotic cell, reversibly transforms the host cell (reviewed in [2]).Cyclopentylhydrazine hydrochloride site Theileria-dependent transformation outcomes within the uncontrolled proliferation in the infected cell driven by autocrine elements [3?].PMID:24187611 Parasitised cells turn into resistant to apoptosis [6] and acquire enhanced invasiveness in addition to a metastasic phenotype [7?]. Importantly, the transformed phenotype of infected cells is completely reversible upon killing the parasite, creating Theileria-induced transformation a special model to.